This page is about an earth bermed cabin I built in 2015. I've now lived in it for a year :)
Hope you enjoy the read. This was my first post and beam framing project. Some of my methods have changed and improved since.
Jog to the end to see the references and a few more details.
Used an excavator to dig the initial hole into a slope. The cabin will end up facing uphill.
The bark has to be peeled off the log for it to dry quicker. It also helps cut down on the insects which enjoy eating bark. A draw knife is the tool I used for this job.
In the dry heat of a Montana summer, the logs can be dry in under a year. I started the project in real late summer though. So the wood was still green when assembled.
A neighbor showed me a trick to dry logs more uniformly and prevent checking, paint the ends with latex paint.Then all moisture is forced out along the logs instead of the ends. It will take much longer to dry.
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A post hole digger is used to make a 3 foot deep hole. Then the posts are put in as level as possible. Some borax was sprinkled into the fill material to prevent rot. The fill material is tamped hard.
Of the locally available timber types (Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine and Tamarack), Tamarack is the most rot resistant. It is best to use it for posts as they are in contact with earth.
But I didn't know this initially and just used whatever.
Front view of all the posts in the ground.
Note; the logs have dried a bit darker than when freshly peeled. A thin, inner layer of bark was accidentally left. I like the darker color, but it can slow down the drying process.
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Side view of all the posts in the ground.
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An 18 inch long, half inch diameter drill bit is used for pre-drilling spike holes. It annoyingly took 2 batteries worth of charge to drill a few of these holes.
Those random diagonal 2x6 boards helped as scaffolding to lift the heavy beams up. We could just hook it up one board at a time.
This beam will be rotated so the arc is up before placing the girders on top.
The corner posts are put in first and measured to be square and level. Then the center posts are added tobe equidistant to the corners. But you do not level the center post. You take a spare board and make sure the outside edge of the log is on the same plane as the outside edges of the corner posts.
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The posts are spaced from center to center at about 3ft-8in. This is because the 2x6 boards are about 92-5/8in long. The design maximizes the board usage without having to do any cutting. I decided to pop out the back wall to increase the space some without needing any more 8ft long walls. I used pretty much precisely 1 unit of lumber for this project.
This is the only spike that goes through 3 logs. Things kept shifting around a bit, but eventually it went all the way through. In the future I'd do my notching a bit different so everything rests more stably.
A big thanks to David for the great photography. He took most of the pictures, while I took the pictures that look like they came from a flip phone.
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I used a chainsaw to notch the beams. I did most of my joints as two flat surfaces mating up. It was easier to line up than trying to curve the top of a post so that a beam fits onto that curvature.
The boards are secured to each post with wood deck screws. Screws aren't too expensive and help add some rigidity to the structure.
Chainsaw carpentry at its finest.
Although somewhat inelegant, the electric chainsaw was an indispensable tool.
Cob was applied to any section of boards that wasn't flat. Its best that the tarps lie against a flat surface so that they are less likely to stretch or rip.
Wood decking screws secure the overhang to two 2x6's.
The top tarp layer will end up wrapping around this 2x6 as a "drip edge." This keeps all the boards dry except for shingles which will be nailed on top.
In the future I would probably make the overhang about twice as long. 4ft would keep water a more comfortable distance away from the cabin.
I faced this house uphill which is East. Next time I would face the house South and just do a bit more reshaping of the hill. Solar gain makes a huge difference in winter. And in summer the morning sun makes my cabin too warm.
Used billboards work as pretty sturdy and waterproof tarps. They are free and recycled, win-win. I have at least 3 overlapping every part of the house.
A staple gun is used to secure the tarps in place.I only staple a tarp in spots I knew another tarp would be on top overlapping that staple puncture.
I have no idea what I am doing here. I just let things happen. I levelled a sill for each window and set the window up as far outside as possible. Makes a nice shelf in front of the windows on the inside.
The windows I bought were $5 a piece at a reuse building supply store. Single pane with a wood frame.
The wood frame worked out perfectly to just send wood screws every which way into the nearby boards. A year later it still works, but I'm doing it differently from now on.
We backfilled the initial several feet with shovels. Making sure to switch off sides so that it has balanced forces. To tamp the dirt down, we just stomped around on it.
After it was buried about 4 or 5ft deep, we brought the excavator back in to dump more dirt on it.
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It's a pretty weird feeling. Everything was outdoors. Now, all of the sudden, part of it is supposedly the inside.
But yea, this was definitely the point when it no longer felt like a cow shed. I could live here.
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This is the only wall with windows. The rest of the walls are earth bermed
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I'm glad I no longer have to use this ladder. It worked, just weighed a crap ton and was not very stable. I was so low on wood by the end that I disassembled it to finish framing in the back wall.
The entryway eventually got fixed. As it was, flooding was an issue.
This shot is taken from the east side, looking downhill towards the house. Mike Oehler's uphill patio design is his tried and true method to keep an earth bermed house dry. The first house he built is over 40 years old now. Was lucky enough to visit his property awhile back. A few pictures from the trip in my blog. He also stopped by during the build process of this cabin. Rest in peace, Mike. His book is a vital resource for buildings of this type.
The advantage of a non-fancy door is that it is easily resized. When the house settled, the doorway got tighter and I was able to take a 1/4 inch off with the chainsaw.
David managed to work remotely here on his blogging platform Blot.
Cob is a natural mortar/cement sort of mixture. Its just sand, clay, and some fiber. Sometimes people use cow dung as the fiber. Others just use straw. I used cob to chink any gaps.
The initial excavation was much undersized. An "uphill patio" needs to be dug to route the run-off water around the house.
Snuck the tractor in past my tent to do some earth moving. The guy I rent the acre from includes a few hours of tractor/excavator time in the first year's rent cost. Its been super handy since all of us living here are building our own dwellings.
That bike got me and my gear to the property from Amtrak 140miles away. It was my only transportation during the build. Glad my neighbors let me tag along into town many a time.
thanks david, I owe you a house
Big pot of chili for the house warming. Thanks to all my neighbors/friends who stopped by and lent a hand; David, Evan, Kai, Fred, Jesse, Chris, Sara, Paul, Kyle and more
This tiny woodstove can get the temperature over 75 degrees. Although I would like to finish a masonry stove soon. Rocket mass heater type stoves can allow the temperature to be more consistent without a constant fire.
photo credit to my friend Janet
Where I cook using propane.
Grass is starting to grow. The cabin is a comfortable place to live, but still a few things to finish.
Here I am putting up some Tamarack shingles. We split them with a froe.
Collecting materials and brainstorming the design took about a month. I think from putting the first post in to having a door installed was about 3 weeks. That's about when I started sleeping in it. Although, it is an ongoing project. I didn't have heat, a floor, or electricity for the first several months.
Including lumber, fasteners, windows, door, and woodstove I was under $500. Ive spent a bit more over the year touching things up and adding solar. I don't know an exact amount.
For the first few months it was just dirt. Now I finished most of it with wood. And I did an "earthen" part around the wood stove. An earthen floor can be just tamped dirt with linseed oil mixed in. It cured really hard. Other people online have fancy complicated methods. But I tend to look at a procedure of 30steps and delete 27 of them (probably why my beer is no good).
Many rural counties have no building codes. Where I built this doesn't.
Mike Oehler's $50 and up underground house book
Paul Wheaton's Wofati design